关键词8：核安全法

2017 年 9 月，中国发布了《中华人民共和国核安全 法》，自 2018 年 1 月 1 日起施行。作为核安全领域的顶 层法律，《中华人民共和国核安全法》进一步完善了中国 核安全法律法规体系，是有效保障核安全的基石。该法规 定了确保核安全的方针、原则、责任体系和科技、制度保障；规定了核设施营运单位的资质、责任和义务；规定了核设 施和核材料的许可制度，明确了放射性废物管理制度；明确了核事故应急协调委员会制度，应急预案制度，核事 故信息发布制度；建立了核安全信息公开和公众参与制度， 明确了核安全信息公开和公众参与的主体与范围；对核安 全监督检查的具体做法作出明确规定；对违反该法的行为 规定了惩罚条款，并对因核事故造成的损害赔偿作出了制度性规定。

Keyword 8：Nuclear Safety Law

The Nuclear Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China was issued in September 2017, and put into effect on January 1, 2018. As the overriding law governing nuclear safety, it serves as the cornerstone of nuclear safety and strengthens China’s existing legal framework for nuclear safety. It provides for:

□ the policies, principles, accountability, technologies and institutional support to ensure nuclear safety;

□ the qualification requirements for, and responsibilities and duties of, organizations operating nuclear facilities;

□ the licensing system for nuclear facilities and nuclear materials, and the system for radioactive waste management;

□ the mechanisms for nuclear emergency coordination, emergency response planning and information release in the event of nuclear accidents; 

□ nuclear safety information disclosure and public participation, including the scope of information disclosure and public participation, as well as the main entities responsible for disclosing information; 

□ nuclear safety surveillance and inspection; 

□ penalty for violating the law and compensation for damages caused by nuclear accidents.