关键词23：中国的核应急

中国高度重视核应急，始终以对人民安全和社会安全 高度负责的态度强化核应急管理。1991 年，成立国家核事 故应急委员会，统筹协调全国核事故应急准备和救援工作。1993 年，发布《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》，对核应急 作出基本规范。1997 年，发布第一部《国家核应急计划 （预案）》，对核应急准备与响应作出部署。

中国持续提升核与辐射事故应急能力。建立国家、省 和核设施营运单位三级核应急组织管理体系。组建 300 人 的国家核应急救援队和 25 支专业救援分队，设立 8 类国 家级核应急专业技术支持中心，建立 3 个核电企业核事故 快速支援基地，建有核辐射损伤救治基地 17 家，定期开 展核应急联合演习。

中国先后加入《及早通报核事故公约》《核事故或辐 射紧急情况援助公约》，严格履行公约义务，深化核应急 领域国际合作，推进建立面向未来的国际核安全应急体系， 国际社会共享和平利用核能事业成果。2014 年 5 月，中国 加入“国际核应急响应与援助网络”，为国际社会核应急 体系建设提供支持。

Keyword 23：Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response in China

China always attaches great importance to nuclear emergency management and puts the safety of the people and society first. The National Nuclear Accident Emergency Committee established in 1991 is tasked with overall planning for and coordination of nuclear emergency preparedness and response and rescue operations at the national level. The Regulations on Emergency Measures for Nuclear Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants of 1993 and the first National Nuclear Emergency Response Plan of 1997 provide guidance on nuclear emergency preparedness and response. 

Improving nuclear and radiological emergency response is an ongoing process. A three-tiered nuclear emergency management system has been established at the levels of the state, provinces and nuclear facility operators. It consists of, among others, a 300-member national nuclear emergency rescue team, 25 professional rescue units, 8 types of national nuclear emergency support centers, 3 rapid response support bases ready to respond to nuclear power plant accidents, and 17 medical centers for radiation injury treatment. Joint nuclear emergency drills are conducted regularly.

China has acceded to the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, and strictly fulfilled the obligations under the conventions. China continues to expand international cooperation in nuclear emergency preparedness and response to promote the establishment of an international nuclear safety and emergency response system with an eye to the future and share with the international community its achievements in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. In May 2014, China joined the International Nuclear Emergency Response and Assistance Network in a move that supports the strengthening of an international nuclear emergency system.