关键词76：核不扩散政策与实践

中国严格履行防扩散国际义务，积极参与国际防扩 散合作。中国于 1992 年 3 月加入《不扩散核武器条约》， 主张全面、忠实、平衡履行《条约》各项义务，加强以《条 约》为基石的国际核不扩散体系。中国全面完整执行联 合国安理会相关决议，已签署并批准了所有开放签署的 无核武器区条约议定书。中国与国际原子能机构于 1988 年 9 月签署关于在中 国实施保障监督的协定，又于 1998 年 12 月签署关于加 强国际原子能机构保障监督的附加议定书，是附加议定 书最早生效的核武器国家。中国加入了“桑戈委员会”“核 供应国集团”等国际核不扩散机制，建立了与国际接轨 的核出口管制政策法规体系。

中国坚定维护国际和地区的战略平衡与稳定，坚持 推进朝鲜半岛无核化进程，坚持维护和执行伊核问题全 面协议，牵头阿拉克重水堆改造取得积极进展。

Keyword 76：Nuclear Non-proliferation Policies and Practices

China always strictly fulfills its international nonproliferation obligations and actively participates in international non-proliferation cooperation. In March 1992, it acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), maintaining that the implementation of all obligations under the Treaty should be in a comprehensive, faithful and balanced manner and that the international nuclear non-proliferation regime should be strengthened based on the Treaty. China is always committed to fully implementing relevant UN Security Council resolutions and has signed and ratified all protocols to nuclear-weapon-free zone treaties that have been open for signature. China signed the Agreement Between the People’s Republic of China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China in September 1988, and signed the Additional Protocol to the Agreement in December 1998, which made China the first among nuclear-weapon states to bring the Additional Protocol into force. China has joined the Zangger Committee, the Nuclear Suppliers Group and other international nuclear non-proliferation mechanisms, and has developed the policies and regulations for nuclear export control that are in line with international standards.

China firmly maintains the strategic balance and stability at the international and regional levels, adheres to promoting the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, and insists on maintaining and implementing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). China has played an active role in the progress made in the modernization of Arak heavy water reactor.