关键词13：全链条安全许可

中国通过全链条安全许可和严格的技术审评，强化对 核设施、核材料、核活动和其他放射性物质以及射线装置 的安全管控。对核电厂、研究堆、核燃料循环设施以及放 射性废物处理、贮存和处置等核设施的选址、建造、运行 和退役活动，实施全生命周期的分阶段许可管理；对持有 核材料的单位，实施核材料许可管理；对放射性同位素和 射线装置生产、销售和使用单位，实施分级分类辐射安全 许可管理；对放射性物品运输活动，实施运输审批和在线 监控；对民用核安全设备设计、制造、安装、无损检验单 位和放射性物品运输容器设计、制造单位，实施许可管理。

Keyword 13：Safety Reviews and License Management

China has strengthened its safety management system for nuclear facilities, materials and activities, as well as other radioactive materials and radiation devices through an enhanced safety licensing process and rigorous technical reviews. Activities related to the siting, construction, operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and facilities that handle the treatment, storage and disposal of radioactive waste are subject to full life-cycle and phased licensing reviews. Licensing requirements based on categories and levels of radiation apply to operators that hold nuclear materials, or produce, sell, and use radioisotopes and radiation devices. The transportation of radioactive materials is subject to a review and approval process and online monitoring. Licensing requirements are also applicable to entities that design, manufacture, install and perform nondestructive testing of civil nuclear safety equipment, and those that design and manufacture containers for the transportation of radioactive materials.