关键词12：“三位一体”监管机构

中国实行核安全、辐射安全和辐射环境管理的统一 独立监管，建立了总部机关、地区监督站、技术支持单位 “三位一体”的核安全监管组织体系。1984 年，中国成立 国家核安全局，负责民用核设施安全监督管理，制定核安 全政策、法规、标准和规划，实施核安全许可，统筹全国 核安全监管工作。设置华北、华东、华南、西南、西北、 东北 6 个地区核与辐射安全监督站，作为国家核安全局派 出机构，实施区域核安全监督检查。设立核与辐射安全中 心、辐射环境监测技术中心等专业技术机构，为安全审查、 独立验证、监督执法、辐射环境评价等提供全方位支持。各级地方政府结合实际设立监管机构或配备专兼职监管人 员，开展本地区辐射安全监管。

Keyword 12：A Three-pronged Regulatory System

A unified and independent regulatory structure, operating at the levels of the headquarters and regional offices with input from technical support organizations, is in place to ensure nuclear safety, radiation safety, and environmental radiation monitoring and protection. Established in 1984, the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the regulation of civil nuclear facilities, the development of nuclear safety policies, laws, regulations, standards and plans, the issuance of nuclear safety licenses, and the coordination of nuclear safety regulation across the country. It has six regional offices in the north, east, south, southwest, northwest, and northeast of China to implement regional safety regulation. Professional technical support organizations such as the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center and the Radiation Monitoring Technical Center provide a full range of technical support for nuclear safety reviews, independent verification, surveillance, law enforcement and assessment of the radiation environment. Local governments at all levels regulate regional radiation safety through regulatory organizations or full-time/ part-time regulators depending on local needs.